OCEAN POLLUTION BY MICROPLASTICS: SOURCES, IMPACTS AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES

Annotasiya

This study examines the growing issue of microplastic pollution in marine environments and its implications for ecosystems, human health, and global economies. Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than five millimeters, originate from both primary sources, such as microbeads in personal care products, and secondary sources resulting from the degradation of larger plastic debris. The research is based on a comprehensive review of scientific literature and global environmental reports. The findings reveal that microplastics are widely distributed across oceans, accumulating in major ocean gyres and semi-enclosed seas such as the Mediterranean. These particles pose serious threats to marine organisms through ingestion and chemical exposure. Furthermore, microplastics act as carriers of toxic substances and harmful microorganisms, amplifying their ecological impact. The study also highlights the movement of microplastics through the food chain, eventually reaching humans. This raises concerns about potential health risks, including immune system disruption and toxicity. Overall, the research emphasizes the urgent need for improved waste management, reduced plastic consumption, and increased global awareness.